Forest Law of the People’s Republic of China
中華人民共和國森林法
(Adopted at the7th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Sixth National People’s Congress on September 20, 1984; amended for the first time in accordance with the Decision on Amending the Forest Law of the People’s Republic of China adopted at the 2nd Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on April 29, 1998; amended for the second time according to the Decision on Amending Certain Laws adopted at the 10th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People’s Congress on August 27, 2009; and revised at the 15th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People’s Congress on December 28, 2019.)
（1984年9月20日第六屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第七次會議通過 根據1998年4月29日第九屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第二次會議《關于修改〈中華人民共和國森林法〉的決定》第一次修正 根據2009年8月27日第十一屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十次會議《關于修改部分法律的決定》第二次修正 2019年12月28日第十三屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第十五次會議修訂）
Chapter I General Provisions
第一章 總則
Article 1?This Law is enacted for the purposes of implementing the ideal that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, protecting, cultivating, and rationally utilizing forest resources, accelerating land greening, safeguarding forest ecological security, constructing ecological civilization, and achieving the harmonious coexistence of human and nature.
第一條 為了踐行綠水青山就是金山銀山理念，保護、培育和合理利用森林資源，加快國土綠化，保障森林生態(tài)安全，建設生態(tài)文明，實現人與自然和諧共生，制定本法。
Article 2?This Law applies to the protection, cultivation, and utilization activities of forests, woods, and the management and administration activities of forests, woods and forest lands conducted in the territory of the People’s Republic of China.
第二條 在中華人民共和國領域內從事森林、林木的保護、培育、利用和森林、林木、林地的經營管理活動，適用本法。
Article 3?The protection, cultivation and utilization of forest resources shall respect and conform with nature, in adherence to the principles of prioritizing the ecology and protection, combining protection with cultivation, and sustainable development.
第三條 保護、培育、利用森林資源應當尊重自然、順應自然，堅持生態(tài)優(yōu)先、保護優(yōu)先、保育結合、可持續(xù)發(fā)展的原則。
Article 4?The State shall adopt target-oriented responsibility and performance evaluation system for the protection and development of forest resources. People's governments at next higher level shall evaluate the performance of people’s governments at next lower level in achieving the targets of the protection and development of forest resources, forest fire prevention, and major forest pest control, and disclose the evaluation results.
第四條 國家實行森林資源保護發(fā)展目標責任制和考核評價制度。上級人民政府對下級人民政府完成森林資源保護發(fā)展目標和森林防火、重大林業(yè)有害生物防治工作的情況進行考核，并公開考核結果。
Local people's governments may establish forest director system based on needs for the protection and development of forest resources in their respective administrative areas.
地方人民政府可以根據本行政區(qū)域森林資源保護發(fā)展的需要，建立林長制。
Article 5?The State shall take fiscal, tax, financial, and other measures to support the protection and development of forest resources. The people's governments at all levels shall guarantee investments in the protection and restoration of the forest ecology, and promote forestry development.
第五條 國家采取財政、稅收、金融等方面的措施，支持森林資源保護發(fā)展。各級人民政府應當保障森林生態(tài)保護修復的投入，促進林業(yè)發(fā)展。
Article 6?With the objective of fostering a stable, healthy, high-quality, and efficient forest ecosystem, the State shall implement categorized management and administration system of public welfare forests and commercial forests, highlight leading functions, exert multiple functions, and achieve the sustainable utilization of forest resources.
第六條 國家以培育穩(wěn)定、健康、優(yōu)質、高效的森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為目標，對公益林和商品林實行分類經營管理，突出主導功能，發(fā)揮多種功能，實現森林資源永續(xù)利用。
Article 7?The State shall establish a compensation system for ecological benefit of forests, increase the support for the protection of public welfare forests, improve the transfer payment policy for key ecological functional zones, and guide the people’s governments in beneficiary areas and forest ecological protection areas in providing compensation for ecological benefits through consultation or other means.
第七條 國家建立森林生態(tài)效益補償制度，加大公益林保護支持力度，完善重點生態(tài)功能區(qū)轉移支付政策，指導受益地區(qū)和森林生態(tài)保護地區(qū)人民政府通過協商等方式進行生態(tài)效益補償。
Article 8?The State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in accordance with the provisions on the rights to autonomy of national autonomous areas stipulated by the State, implement preferential policies for forest protection and forestry development in national autonomous areas.
第八條 國務院和省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府可以依照國家對民族自治地方自治權的規(guī)定，對民族自治地方的森林保護和林業(yè)發(fā)展實行更加優(yōu)惠的政策。
Article 9?The competent authority of forestry of the State Council shall be in charge of the forestry work nationwide. The competent authorities of forestry of local people's governments at or above the county level shall be in charge of the forestry work in their respective administrative areas.
第九條 國務院林業(yè)主管部門主管全國林業(yè)工作。縣級以上地方人民政府林業(yè)主管部門，主管本行政區(qū)域的林業(yè)工作。
The people's governments at the village and township level may designate relevant institutions or appoint full-time and part-time personnel to undertake forestry-related work.
鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人民政府可以確定相關機構或者設置專職、兼職人員承擔林業(yè)相關工作。
Article 10?Afforestation and forest protection is the obligation that citizens shall fulfill. People's governments at all levels shall organize and conduct tree-planting activities by all citizens.
第十條 植樹造林、保護森林，是公民應盡的義務。各級人民政府應當組織開展全民義務植樹活動。
Tree Planting Day is on March 12 every year.
每年三月十二日為植樹節(jié)。
Article 11?The State shall take measures to encourage and support scientific research on forestry, to popularize advanced and applicable forestry technologies, and to upgrade the scientific and technological level in forestry.
第十一條 國家采取措施，鼓勵和支持林業(yè)科學研究，推廣先進適用的林業(yè)技術，提高林業(yè)科學技術水平。
Article 12?The people’s governments at all levels shall strengthen publicity, education, and dissemination of knowledge of the protection of forest resources, and encourage and support autonomous grassroot organizations, news media, forestry enterprises and institutions, and volunteers, among others, in conducting publicity campaigns on forest resources protection.
第十二條 各級人民政府應當加強森林資源保護的宣傳教育和知識普及工作，鼓勵和支持基層群眾性自治組織、新聞媒體、林業(yè)企業(yè)事業(yè)單位、志愿者等開展森林資源保護宣傳活動。
Competent authorities of education and schools shall educate students on the protection of forest resources.
教育行政部門、學校應當對學生進行森林資源保護教育。
Article 13?Any organization or individual that has made remarkable achievements in afforestation and land greening, forest protection, forest management and administration and forestry scientific research shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with the relevant provisions stipulated by the State.
第十三條 對在造林綠化、森林保護、森林經營管理以及林業(yè)科學研究等方面成績顯著的組織或者個人，按照國家有關規(guī)定給予表彰、獎勵。
Chapter II Forest Rights
第二章 森林權屬
Article 14?Forest resources are owned by the State, except those that shall be collectively owned as prescribed by law.
第十四條 森林資源屬于國家所有，由法律規(guī)定屬于集體所有的除外。
The ownership of state-owned forest resources shall be exercised by the State Council on behalf of the state. The State Council may authorize the competent authority of natural resources of the State Council to uniformly perform the duties as the owner of state-owned forest resources.
國家所有的森林資源的所有權由國務院代表國家行使。國務院可以授權國務院自然資源主管部門統(tǒng)一履行國有森林資源所有者職責。
Article 15?The ownership and usufructuary rights of forest lands and forests and woods thereon, shall be uniformly registered and compiled and granted with certificates by the real property registration institutions. The competent authority of natural resources of the State Council shall be in charge of registering forests, woods and forest lands of the key state forest regions designated by the State Council (hereinafter referred to as "key forest regions").
第十五條 林地和林地上的森林、林木的所有權、使用權，由不動產登記機構統(tǒng)一登記造冊，核發(fā)證書。國務院確定的國家重點林區(qū)（以下簡稱重點林區(qū)）的森林、林木和林地，由國務院自然資源主管部門負責登記。
The lawful rights and interests of the owners and users of forests, woods and forest lands shall be protected by law, and shall not be infringed by any organization or individual.
森林、林木、林地的所有者和使用者的合法權益受法律保護，任何組織和個人不得侵犯。
The owners and users of forests, woods and forest lands shall protect and rationally utilize forests, woods and forest lands in accordance with law, and shall not illegally change the use of forest lands or destruct forests, woods and forest lands.
森林、林木、林地的所有者和使用者應當依法保護和合理利用森林、林木、林地，不得非法改變林地用途和毀壞森林、林木、林地。
Article 16?State-owned forest lands and the forests and woods thereon may be designated in accordance with law to forest managers for uses. Usufructuary rights to state-owned forest lands and the forests and woods thereon acquired by forest managers in accordance with law may be transferred, leased, and contributed to capital at appraised value, among others, with approval. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.
第十六條 國家所有的林地和林地上的森林、林木可以依法確定給林業(yè)經營者使用。林業(yè)經營者依法取得的國有林地和林地上的森林、林木的使用權，經批準可以轉讓、出租、作價出資等。具體辦法由國務院制定。
Forest managers shall perform their obligations to protect and cultivate forest resources, ensure the stable increase of state-owned forest resources, and improve the ecological functions of forests.
林業(yè)經營 者應當履行保護、培育森林資源的義務，保證國有森林資源穩(wěn)定增長，提高森林生態(tài)功能。
Article 17?Where collective-owned forest lands and state-owned forest lands used by collective farmers in accordance with law (hereinafter referred to as the "collective forest lands") are contracted out to individuals, the contractor shall be entitled to the rights of contractual management of forest lands and the ownership of the woods on the forest lands subject to the contractual management, unless otherwise provided by contract. The contractor may circulate in accordance with law his or her right to management of the forest lands and ownership and usufructuary rights of the woods by leasing (subcontracting), in payment for shares, transfer, and other means.
第十七條 集體所有和國家所有依法由農民集體使用的林地（以下簡稱集體林地）實行承包經營的，承包方享有林地承包經營權和承包林地上的林木所有權，合同另有約定的從其約定。承包方可以依法采取出租（轉包）、入股、轉讓等方式流轉林地經營權、林木所有權和使用權。
Article 18?Collective forest lands not contracted out to individuals and the woods thereon, shall be managed in a unified manner by the rural collective economic organization. With consent of over two-thirds majority vote of the villagers' committee or over two-thirds of villagers' representatives and subsequent public notification, the right to management of the forest lands and ownership and usufructuary rights of the woods may be circulated in accordance with law by bidding, auction, public consultation, and other means.
第十八條 未實行承包經營的集體林地以及林地上的林木，由農村集體經濟組織統(tǒng)一經營。經本集體經濟組織成員的村民會議三分之二以上成員或者三分之二以上村民代表同意并公示，可以通過招標、拍賣、公開協商等方式依法流轉林地經營權、林木所有權和使用權。
Article 19?For the circulation of the right to management of the collective forest lands, a written contract shall be signed. The contract for the circulation of the right to management of the forest lands generally contains the rights and obligations of both parties to the circulation, period of circulation, price of circulation and methods of payment, disposition of woods and fixed production facilities on the forest lands upon the expiration of the period of the circulation, liability for breach of contract.
第十九條 集體林地經營權流轉應當簽訂書面合同。林地經營權流轉合同一般包括流轉雙方的權利義務、流轉期限、流轉價款及支付方式、流轉期限屆滿林地上的林木和固定生產設施的處置、違約責任等內容。
Where a transferee violates the laws or the contract, causing serious damage to the forests, woods, or forest lands, the contractee or contractor shall be entitled to withdraw the right to management of the forest lands.
受讓方違反法律規(guī)定或者合同約定造成森林、林木、林地嚴重毀壞的，發(fā)包方或者承包方有權收回林地經營權。
Article 20?For the woods planted by state-owned enterprises, public institutions, government agencies, groups, and the military, the planting organizations shall conduct tending of woods, and dispose the benefits generated from the woods in accordance with the provisions issued by the State.
第二十條 國有企業(yè)事業(yè)單位、機關、團體、部隊營造的林木，由營造單位管護并按照國家規(guī)定支配林木收益。
The woods planted by rural residents at house sides and on plots of cropland and hilly lands allotted for private use are owned by the individuals. The woods planted by urban residents in the courtyards of their own houses are owned by the individuals.
農村居民在房前屋后、自留地、自留山種植的林木，歸個人所有。城鎮(zhèn)居民在自有房屋的庭院內種植的林木，歸個人所有。
The woods planted in state-owned or collective-owned barren hills, lands, and beaches suitable for forests under a contract awarded to a collective or an individual, are owned by the collective or individual, unless otherwise provided by contract.
集體或者個人承包國家所有和集體所有的宜林荒山荒地荒灘營造的林木，歸承包的集體或者個人所有；合同另有約定的從其約定。
The woods planted by any other organization or individual are owned by the planter in accordance with law, and the planter shall be entitled for the benefits gained from the woods, unless otherwise provided by contract.
其他組織或者個人營造的林木，依法由營造者所有并享有林木收益；合同另有約定的從其約定。
Article 21?Where the expropriation or requisition of forest lands and woods are compellingly entailed by the public interest such as ecological protection and infrastructure construction, approval procedures shall be completed in accordance with the laws and administrative regulations such as the Land Administration Law of the People's Republic of China, and equitable and reasonable compensation shall be made.
第二十一條 為了生態(tài)保護、基礎設施建設等公共利益的需要，確需征收、征用林地、林木的，應當依照《中華人民共和國土地管理法》等法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定辦理審批手續(xù)，并給予公平、合理的補償。
Article 22?Any dispute over ownership and usufructuary rights of forest lands and woods between organizations shall be settled by the people’s government at or above the county level in accordance with law.
第二十二條 單位之間發(fā)生的林木、林地所有權和使用權爭議，由縣級以上人民政府依法處理。
Any dispute over ownership of woods and usufructuary rights of forest lands between individuals or between individuals and organizations shall be settled by the people’s government at village or township level or the people’s government at or above the county level in accordance with law.
個人之間、個人與單位之間發(fā)生的林木所有權和林地使用權爭議，由鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人民政府或者縣級以上人民政府依法處理。
Any party dissatisfied with the settlement decisions of the relevant people’s government may file a litigation before people’s court within 30 days of receiving the notice of the settlement decision.
當事人對有關人民政府的處理決定不服的，可以自接到處理決定通知之日起三十日內，向人民法院起訴。
Before dispute over the rights to woods and forest lands is settled, neither party may fell the woods in dispute or change the status of the forest lands, except for the need of forest fire prevention, forest pest control, and major national infrastructure construction, among others.
在林木、林地權屬爭議解決前，除因森林防火、林業(yè)有害生物防治、國家重大基礎設施建設等需要外，當事人任何一方不得砍伐有爭議的林木或者改變林地現狀。
Chapter III Development Plans
第三章 發(fā)展規(guī)劃
Article 23?The people’s governments at or above the county level shall integrate forest resources protection and forestry development into their national economic and social development plans.
第二十三條 縣級以上人民政府應當將森林資源保護和林業(yè)發(fā)展納入國民經濟和社會發(fā)展規(guī)劃。
Article 24?The people’s governments at or above the county level shall implement the requirements for spatial development and protection, rationally plan the structure and pattern of the protection and utilization of forest resources, formulate objectives of the protection and development of forest resources, increase forest coverage and forest stock volume, and improve the quality and stability of forest ecosystem.
第二十四條 縣級以上人民政府應當落實國土空間開發(fā)保護要求，合理規(guī)劃森林資源保護利用結構和布局，制定森林資源保護發(fā)展目標，提高森林覆蓋率、森林蓄積量，提升森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)質量和穩(wěn)定性。
Article 25?The competent authorities of forestry of people’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate forestry development plans in accordance with the objectives of the protection and development of forest resources. A forestry development plan at the lower level shall be prepared in accordance with a forestry development plan at the higher level.
第二十五條 縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門應當根據森林資源保護發(fā)展目標，編制林業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃。下級林業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃依據上級林業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃編制。
Article 26?The competent authorities of forestry of people’s governments at or above the county level may ?, in light of local actual circumstances, formulate special plans in relation to the protection and utilization of forest lands, afforestation and land greening, forest management, protection of natural forests.
第二十六條 縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門可以結合本地實際，編制林地保護利用、造林綠化、森林經營、天然林保護等相關專項規(guī)劃。
Article 27?The State shall establish a forest resources survey and monitoring system to survey, monitor, assess the current status and changes of forest resources nationwide, and publish the results regularly.
第二十七條 國家建立森林資源調查監(jiān)測制度，對全國森林資源現狀及變化情況進行調查、監(jiān)測和評價，并定期公布。
Chapter IV Forest Protection
第四章 森林保護
Article 28?The State shall strengthen the protection of forest resources and exert the various functions of forests such as water and soil conservation, climate regulation, environmental improvement, biodiversity conservation, and forest products supply.
第二十八條 國家加強森林資源保護，發(fā)揮森林蓄水保土、調節(jié)氣候、改善環(huán)境、維護生物多樣性和提供林產品等多種功能。
Article 29?Central and local finance authorities shall respectively arrange funds for the planting, tending, protection, and management of public welfare forests and for the financial compensation payable to right holders of non-state owned public welfare forests, and the funds must be used exclusively for the specified purpose. The specific measures shall be formulated by the finance department of the State Council in conjunction with the competent authority of forestry.
第二十九條 中央和地方財政分別安排資金，用于公益林的營造、撫育、保護、管理和非國有公益林權利人的經濟補償等，實行?？顚Ｓ?。具體辦法由國務院財政部門會同林業(yè)主管部門制定。
Article 30?The State shall support the transformation and development of key forest regions and the protection and restoration of forest resources, improve production and living conditions, and promote the economic and social development of the regions where they are located. Key forest regions shall be entitled for policies such as transfer payments for key national ecological functional areas according to relevant provisions.
第三十條 國家支持重點林區(qū)的轉型發(fā)展和森林資源保護修復，改善生產生活條件，促進所在地區(qū)經濟社會發(fā)展。重點林區(qū)按照規(guī)定享受國家重點生態(tài)功能區(qū)轉移支付等政策。
Article 31?The State shall establish natural reserve system with national parks as its main body in typical forest ecological regions, forest regions wherein rare and precious animals and plants grow and breed, natural tropical rain forest regions and other natural forest regions with special values of protection in different natural zones, so as to strengthen protection and management.
第三十一條 國家在不同自然地帶的典型森林生態(tài)地區(qū)、珍貴動物和植物生長繁殖的林區(qū)、天然熱帶雨林區(qū)和具有特殊保護價值的其他天然林區(qū)，建立以國家公園為主體的自然保護地體系，加強保護管理。
The State shall support the protection and restoration of forest resources in ecologically fragile areas.
國家支持生態(tài)脆弱地區(qū)森林資源的保護修復。
People’s governments at or above the county level shall take measures to protect wildlife resources with special values.
縣級以上人民政府應當采取措施對具有特殊價值的野生植物資源予以保護。
Article 32?The state shall implement comprehensive protection system for natural forests, strictly limit the felling of natural forests, strengthen the capability-building of managing and protecting natural forests, protect and restore natural forest resources, and gradually improve the ecological functions of natural forests. Specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.
第三十二條 國家實行天然林全面保護制度，嚴格限制天然林采伐，加強天然林管護能力建設，保護和修復天然林資源，逐步提高天然林生態(tài)功能。具體辦法由國務院規(guī)定。
Article 33?Local people’s governments at all levels shall arrange their relevant competent authorities to establish forest protection organizations responsible for forest protection; construct forest protection facilities based on actual needs and strengthen protection of forest resources; and supervise and urge relevant organizations to make a forest protection covenant, organize mass forest protection, designate forest protection responsibility areas and assign full-time or part-time forest rangers.
第三十三條 地方各級人民政府應當組織有關部門建立護林組織，負責護林工作；根據實際需要建設護林設施，加強森林資源保護；督促相關組織訂立護林公約、組織群眾護林、劃定護林責任區(qū)、配備專職或者兼職護林員。
The people’s governments at the county level or at the village or township level may employ forest rangers whose main responsibilities are to patrol and protect forests, and, upon detecting forest fires, forest pests or activities destructing forest resources, to promptly handle the situation and report to local forestry and other relevant authorities.
縣級或者鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人民政府可以聘用護林員，其主要職責是巡護森林，發(fā)現火情、林業(yè)有害生物以及破壞森林資源的行為，應當及時處理并向當地林業(yè)等有關部門報告。
Article 34?Local people’s governments at all levels shall be responsible for forest fire prevention in their respective administrative areas and bring mass prevention into play; and people’s governments at or above the county level shall arrange for and lead emergency management, forestry, public security, and other competent authorities to closely cooperate in prevention, fighting, and disposal of forest fires in a scientific manner in accordance with their respective responsibilities:
第三十四條 地方各級人民政府負責本行政區(qū)域的森林防火工作，發(fā)揮群防作用；縣級以上人民政府組織領導應急管理、林業(yè)、公安等部門按照職責分工密切配合做好森林火災的科學預防、撲救和處置工作：
(1) Organizing publicity campaigns of forest fire prevention to disseminate knowledge of forest fire prevention;
（一）組織開展森林防火宣傳活動，普及森林防火知識；
(2) Designating forest fire prevention zones and prescribing forest fire prevention periods;
（二）劃定森林防火區(qū)，規(guī)定森林防火期；
(3) Installing fire prevention facilities and setting up firefight equipment and materials;
（三）設置防火設施，配備防滅火裝備和物資；
(4) Establishing forest fire monitoring and early warning system to eliminate hidden risks in a timely manner;
（四）建立森林火災監(jiān)測預警體系，及時消除隱患；
(5) Developing emergency plans for forest fires so as to immediately organize a fire fighting in case a forest fire occurs; and
（五）制定森林火災應急預案，發(fā)生森林火災，立即組織撲救；
(6) Guaranteeing funds required to prevent and fight forest fires.
（六）保障預防和撲救森林火災所需費用。
The national comprehensive fire prevention and fighting and rescue force shall be responsible for the forest fire fighting and rescue tasks and prevention-related works as prescribed by the State.
國家綜合性消防救援隊伍承擔國家規(guī)定的森林火災撲救任務和預防相關工作。
Article 35?The competent authorities of forestry of people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the monitoring, quarantine, and prevention and control of forest pests in their respective administrative areas.
第三十五條 縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門負責本行政區(qū)域的林業(yè)有害生物的監(jiān)測、檢疫和防治。
The competent authorities of forestry of people’s governments at or above the provincial level shall be responsible for the determination of quarantine pests of forest plants and their products, and designating epidemic areas and protected areas.
省級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門負責確定林業(yè)植物及其產品的檢疫性有害生物，劃定疫區(qū)和保護區(qū)。
Local people’s governments shall be responsible for the prevention and control of major forestry pest disasters. In the event of an explosive, hazardous, or other major forestry pest disasters, local people’s government shall promptly organize the eradication of the disasters.
重大林業(yè)有害生物災害防治實行地方人民政府負責制。發(fā)生暴發(fā)性、危險性等重大林業(yè)有害生物災害時，當地人民政府應當及時組織除治。
Forestry managers shall, with the supports and guidance of the government, prevent and control forestry pests within the scope of their management.
林業(yè)經營者在政府支持引導下，對其經營管理范圍內的林業(yè)有害生物進行防治。
Article 36?The State shall protect forest lands, strictly control the conversion of forest lands to non-forest lands, exercise control over the total amount of forest land occupation, so as to ensure that the amount of forest lands is not to decline. The forest lands occupied by various construction projects shall not exceed the quota of total amount of forest land occupation control in the administrative area.
第三十六條 國家保護林地，嚴格控制林地轉為非林地，實行占用林地總量控制，確保林地保有量不減少。各類建設項目占用林地不得超過本行政區(qū)域的占用林地總量控制指標。
Article 37?Mineral exploration, mining, and other project constructions shall occupy no or minimum forest lands; and where occupying forest lands is indeed necessary, the approval of the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level shall be obtained, and the approval procedures for construction land shall be completed in accordance with law.
第三十七條 礦藏勘查、開采以及其他各類工程建設，應當不占或者少占林地；確需占用林地的，應當經縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門審核同意，依法辦理建設用地審批手續(xù)。
Entities occupying forest lands shall pay the fees for forest vegetation restoration. Measures for the administration of the collection and use of forest restoration fees shall be formulated by the finance department of the State Council in conjunction with the competent authority of forestry.
占用林地的單位應當繳納森林植被恢復費。森林植被恢復費征收使用管理辦法由國務院財政部門會同林業(yè)主管部門制定。
The competent authorities of forestry of people’s governments at or above the county level shall arrange afforestation to restore the forest vegetation in accordance with regulations, and the area of afforestation shall be no less than the reduced area due to the occupation of forest lands. Competent authorities of forestry at the higher level shall regularly supervise and urge competent authorities of forestry at the lower level to organize afforestation and forest vegetation restoration, and conduct inspections.
縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門應當按照規(guī)定安排植樹造林，恢復森林植被，植樹造林面積不得少于因占用林地而減少的森林植被面積。上級林業(yè)主管部門應當定期督促下級林業(yè)主管部門組織植樹造林、恢復森林植被，并進行檢查。
Article 38?Where the temporary use of forest lands is required, the approval of the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level shall be obtained; and the period of temporary use of forest lands shall generally not exceed two years, and no permanent building be constructed on the forest lands in temporary use.
第三十八條 需要臨時使用林地的，應當經縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門批準；臨時使用林地的期限一般不超過二年，并不得在臨時使用的林地上修建永久性建筑物。
Within one year after the expiration of the temporary use of forest lands, the organization or individual using the lands shall restore the vegetation and forestry production conditions.
臨時使用林地期滿后一年內，用地單位或者個人應當恢復植被和林業(yè)生產條件。
Article 39?Deforestation and reclamation, stone quarrying, sand quarrying, soil excavation, and other acts of destructing woods and forest lands are prohibited.
第三十九條 禁止毀林開墾、采石、采砂、采土以及其他毀壞林木和林地的行為。
Discharging into forest lands sewage and sludge containing heavy metals or other toxic and hazardous substances in excess of standards and dredged sediment, tailings, slag, and the like that may pollute the forest lands are prohibited.
禁止向林地排放重金屬或者其他有毒有害物質含量超標的污水、污泥，以及可能造成林地污染的清淤底泥、尾礦、礦渣等。
The harvest of firewood, destruction of seedlings, and grazing in young forest lands are prohibited.
禁止在幼林地砍柴、毀苗、放牧。
Relocation or destruction of forest protection signs without authorization is prohibited.
禁止擅自移動或者損壞森林保護標志。
Article 40?The State shall protect ancient, famous, rare and precious woods. Destructing ancient, famous, and rare and precious woods and their natural environment is prohibited.
第四十條 國家保護古樹名木和珍貴樹木。禁止破壞古樹名木和珍貴樹木及其生存的自然環(huán)境。
Article 41?The people’s governments at all levels shall strengthen the construction of forestry infrastructures and apply advanced and applicable scientific and technological means, so as to improve their capabilities for forest fire prevention, forest pest prevention and control, and other capabilities for forest management and protection.
第四十一條 各級人民政府應當加強林業(yè)基礎設施建設，應用先進適用的科技手段，提高森林防火、林業(yè)有害生物防治等森林管護能力。
All relevant organizations shall strengthen forest management and protection. State-owned forestry enterprises and public institutions shall increase investments, strengthen forest fire prevention and forest pest prevention and control, and prevent and stop destruction activities to forest resources.
各有關單位應當加強森林管護。國有林業(yè)企業(yè)事業(yè)單位應當加大投入，加強森林防火、林業(yè)有害生物防治，預防和制止破壞森林資源的行為。
Chapter V Afforestation and Land Greening
第五章 造林綠化
Article 42?The State shall coordinate urban and rural afforestation and land greening, carry out large-scale land greening campaigns, green and beautify urban and rural areas, promote construction of forest cities, facilitate rural revitalization, and build a beautiful homeland.
第四十二條 國家統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)造林綠化，開展大規(guī)模國土綠化行動，綠化美化城鄉(xiāng)，推動森林城市建設，促進鄉(xiāng)村振興，建設美麗家園。
Article 43?The people’s governments at all levels shall organize all sectors of industry, and urban and rural residents to engage in afforestation and land greening.
第四十三條 各級人民政府應當組織各行各業(yè)和城鄉(xiāng)居民造林綠化。
State-owned barren hills, lands, and beaches suitable for forests shall be afforested and greened as organized by the competent authorities of forestry and others of the people’s governments at or above the county level; while those collective-owned, by collective economic organizations.
宜林荒山荒地荒灘，屬于國家所有的，由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門和其他有關主管部門組織開展造林綠化；屬于集體所有的，由集體經濟組織組織開展造林綠化。
For the planned urban areas, both sides of railways and highways, ?banks of rivers, and the vicinity of lakes and reservoirs, the relevant competent authorities shall organize afforestation and land greening according to the relevant provisions, in the light of local conditions; and for industrial and mining areas, industrial parks, government agencies, lands for school use, barracks, farms, ranches, and fisheries, the respective organizations shall be responsible for afforestation and land greening. Specific measures for organizing urban afforestation and land greening shall be formulated by the State Council.
城市規(guī)劃區(qū)內、鐵路公路兩側、江河兩側、湖泊水庫周圍，由各有關主管部門按照有關規(guī)定因地制宜組織開展造林綠化；工礦區(qū)、工業(yè)園區(qū)、機關、學校用地，部隊營區(qū)以及農場、牧場、漁場經營地區(qū)，由各該單位負責造林綠化。組織開展城市造林綠化的具體辦法由國務院制定。
State-owned and collective-owned barren hills, lands, and beaches suitable for forests may be afforested and greened by organizations or individuals on a contract basis.
國家所有和集體所有的宜林荒山荒地荒灘可以由單位或者個人承包造林綠化。
Article 44?The State encourages citizens to participate in afforestation and land greening by planting trees, tending and protecting, funding and donating afforestation and cultivation, or other means.
第四十四條 國家鼓勵公民通過植樹造林、撫育管護、認建認養(yǎng)等方式參與造林綠化。
Article 45?The people’s governments at all levels, when organizing afforestation and land greening, shall make scientific plans, adapt to local conditions, optimize the compositions of forest types and species, encourage the use of native tree species and fine breed tree varieties, grow mixed forests, and enhance the quality of afforestation and land greening.
第四十五條 各級人民政府組織造林綠化，應當科學規(guī)劃、因地制宜，優(yōu)化林種、樹種結構，鼓勵使用鄉(xiāng)土樹種和林木良種、營造混交林，提高造林綠化質量。
Afforestation and land greening projects invested by the state or mainly invested by the State shall use fine breed tree varieties in accordance with State regulations.
國家投資或者以國家投資為主的造林綠化項目，應當按照國家規(guī)定使用林木良種。
Article 46?The people’s governments at all levels shall adopt measures focusing on natural restoration, combining natural restoration with artificial restoration, and scientifically protect and restore forest ecosystems. Newly planted young forests lands and other places where mountain closure is needed, shall be so closed by the local people’s governments.
第四十六條 各級人民政府應當采取以自然恢復為主、自然恢復和人工修復相結合的措施，科學保護修復森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。新造幼林地和其他應當封山育林的地方，由當地人民政府組織封山育林。
People's governments at all levels shall, in a planned way, organize the restoration of cultivated land to forest or grass for the cultivated land that needs ecological restoration, in the forms of sloping land, heavily desertification land, severely rocky desertification land and heavily polluted land, as determined by the State Council.
各級人民政府應當對國務院確定的坡耕地、嚴重沙化耕地、嚴重石漠化耕地、嚴重污染耕地等需要生態(tài)修復的耕地，有計劃地組織實施退耕還林還草。
The people’s governments at all levels shall implement forest ecological restoration projects to restore vegetation in respect of natural factors-induced deserted and damaged mountains, degraded forest lands, and barren hills, lands, and beaches suitable for forests, in light of local conditions.
各級人民政府應當對自然因素等導致的荒廢和受損山體、退化林地以及宜林荒山荒地荒灘，因地制宜實施森林生態(tài)修復工程，恢復植被。
Chapter VI Management and Administration
第六章 經營管理
Article 47?The State shall designate, according to the needs for ecological protection, the forest lands and the forests thereon with important ecological location or in ecologically fragile conditions, for the main purpose of ecological benefits, as the public welfare forests. Forest lands and the forests thereon not so designated are commercial forests.
第四十七條 國家根據生態(tài)保護的需要，將森林生態(tài)區(qū)位重要或者生態(tài)狀況脆弱，以發(fā)揮生態(tài)效益為主要目的的林地和林地上的森林劃定為公益林。未劃定為公益林的林地和林地上的森林屬于商品林。
Article 48?The public welfare forests shall be designated and promulgated by the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
第四十八條 公益林由國務院和省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府劃定并公布。
Forest lands and the forests thereon in the following areas shall be designated as public welfare forests:
下列區(qū)域的林地和林地上的森林，應當劃定為公益林：
(1) The catchment areas of the origins of important rivers;
（一）重要江河源頭匯水區(qū)域；
(2) The riverbanks areas of main stream and tributaries of important rivers and drinking water sources reserve areas;
（二）重要江河干流及支流兩岸、飲用水水源地保護區(qū)；
(3) The vicinities of important wetlands and reservoirs;
（三）重要濕地和重要水庫周圍；
(4) Nature reserves for forests and terrestrial wildlife;
（四）森林和陸生野生動物類型的自然保護區(qū)；
(5) The backbone forest belts of windbreak and sand-fixation forests in areas subject to severe desertification and soil erosion;
（五）荒漠化和水土流失嚴重地區(qū)的防風固沙林基干林帶；
(6) The backbone forest belts of coastal shelterbelt forests;
（六）沿海防護林基干林帶；
(7) Undeveloped primeval forest areas; and
（七）未開發(fā)利用的原始林地區(qū)；
(8) Other areas required to be designated.
（八）需要劃定的其他區(qū)域。
Where the designation of public welfare forests involves non-state owned forest lands, a written agreement shall be concluded with right holders, with reasonable compensation to the right holders.
公益林劃定涉及非國有林地的，應當與權利人簽訂書面協議，并給予合理補償。
Any adjustment to the designation of public welfare forests shall be subject to the approval of the original designating competent authorities, and be publicly announced.
公益林進行調整的，應當經原劃定機關同意，并予以公布。
Measures for the designation and administration of public welfare forests at national level shall be formulated by the State Council; and measures for the designation and administration of public welfare forests at local level shall be formulated by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.
國家級公益林劃定和管理的辦法由國務院制定；地方級公益林劃定和管理的辦法由省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府制定。
Article 49?The State shall provide strict protection for the public welfare forests.
第四十九條 國家對公益林實施嚴格保護。
The competent authorities of forestry of people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in a planned way, arrange public welfare forest managers for adopting forest stand improvement, forest tending, and other measures in relation to low-quality and low-benefit public welfare forests with trivial ecological functions such as sparse forests and defective forests, so as to improve the quality and ecological protection functions of the public welfare forests.
縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門應當有計劃地組織公益林經營者對公益林中生態(tài)功能低下的疏林、殘次林等低質低效林，采取林分改造、森林撫育等措施，提高公益林的質量和生態(tài)保護功能。
Under the premise of meeting the requirements for the importance of ecological location and not affecting the ecological functions of the public welfare forests, forest land resources and landscape resources of the public welfare forests may, upon scientific justification, be rationally utilized, to moderately develop forest-floor economy and forest tourism. The utilizing of public welfare forests of the above activities shall be in strict accordance with the relevant regulations of the State.
在符合公益林生態(tài)區(qū)位保護要求和不影響公益林生態(tài)功能的前提下，經科學論證，可以合理利用公益林林地資源和森林景觀資源，適度開展林下經濟、森林旅游等。利用公益林開展上述活動應當嚴格遵守國家有關規(guī)定。
Article 50?The State shall encourage the development of the following commercial forests:
第五十條 國家鼓勵發(fā)展下列商品林：
(1) Forests with timber production as the main purpose;
（一）以生產木材為主要目的的森林；
(2) Forests for the main purpose of forest produce, including fruits, oils, beverages, food ingredients, industrial raw materials, medicines;
（二）以生產果品、油料、飲料、調料、工業(yè)原料和藥材等林產品為主要目的的森林；
(3) Forests with production of fuels and other biomass energy as the main purpose; and
（三）以生產燃料和其他生物質能源為主要目的的森林；
(4) Other forests with economic benefits as the main purpose.
（四）其他以發(fā)揮經濟效益為主要目的的森林。
The State, under the premise of ensuring ecological security, shall encourage the development of timber forests of fast-growing and ?high-yield, precious species and large-diameter trees so as to increase timber reserves and ensure the security of timber supply.
在保障生態(tài)安全的前提下，國家鼓勵建設速生豐產、珍貴樹種和大徑級用材林，增加林木儲備，保障木材供給安全。
Article 51?Commercial forests shall be independently managed by forest managers in accordance with law. On the premise of not damaging the ecology, intensive management measures may be taken for the rational utilization of forests, woods and forest lands and the improvement of the economic benefits of commercial forests.
第五十一條 商品林由林業(yè)經營者依法自主經營。在不破壞生態(tài)的前提下，可以采取集約化經營措施，合理利用森林、林木、林地，提高商品林經濟效益。
Article 52?For the construction of any of the following engineering facilities providing direct serves for forestry production and management on forest lands, where the standards required by the relevant competent authorities of State are met, the approval of the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level shall be obtained, and the approval procedures for construction land are waived; and where forest lands are occupied in excess of the standards, the approval procedures for construction land shall be completed in accordance with law:
第五十二條 在林地上修筑下列直接為林業(yè)生產經營服務的工程設施，符合國家有關部門規(guī)定的標準的，由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門批準，不需要辦理建設用地審批手續(xù)；超出標準需要占用林地的，應當依法辦理建設用地審批手續(xù)：
(1) Facilities for the breeding or production of seeds or nursery stock;
（一）培育、生產種子、苗木的設施；
(2) Facilities for the storage of seeds, nursery stock, or timbers;
（二）貯存種子、苗木、木材的設施；
(3) Skidding trails, logging trails, fire break patrol trails, and forest trails;
（三）集材道、運材道、防火巡護道、森林步道；
(4) Facilities for forestry scientific research and popular science education;
（四）林業(yè)科研、科普教育設施；
(5) Facilities for wild fauna and flora protection, forest protection, prevention and control of forest pests, forest fire prevention, and timber quarantine;
（五）野生動植物保護、護林、林業(yè)有害生物防治、森林防火、木材檢疫的設施；
(6) infrastructures of supplying water, power, heat and gas, and of communication; and
（六）供水、供電、供熱、供氣、通訊基礎設施；
(7) Other engineering facilities providing direct serves for forestry production.
（七）其他直接為林業(yè)生產服務的工程設施。
Article 53?State-owned forestry enterprises and public institutions shall prepare forest management plans, specify measures for the cultivation, management, and protection of forests, and implement the measures with the approval of the competent authorities of forestry of people’s governments at or above the county level. The forest management plans for key forest areas shall be implemented with the approval of the competent authority of forestry of the State Council.
第五十三條 國有林業(yè)企業(yè)事業(yè)單位應當編制森林經營方案，明確森林培育和管護的經營措施，報縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門批準后實施。重點林區(qū)的森林經營方案由國務院林業(yè)主管部門批準后實施。
The State shall support and guide other forest managers on preparing forest management plans.
國家支持、引導其他林業(yè)經營者編制森林經營方案。
Specific measures for the preparation of forest management plans shall be formulated by the competent authority of forestry of the State Council.
編制森林經營方案的具體辦法由國務院林業(yè)主管部門制定。
Article 54?The state shall strictly control annual quota of forest felling. The competent authorities of forestry of people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall prepare annual felling quotas for their respective administrative areas based on the principles of consumption lower than growth and of management and administration by forest categories, solicit comments from the competent authorities of forestry of the State Council, announce publicly and implement the quotas upon the approval by the people’s governments at the same level, and submit the quotas to the State Council for the record. The annual felling quotas for the key forest areas shall be prepared by the competent authority of forestry of the State Council, and announced publicly and implemented upon the approval of the State Council.
第五十四條 國家嚴格控制森林年采伐量。省、自治區(qū)、直轄市人民政府林業(yè)主管部門根據消耗量低于生長量和森林分類經營管理的原則，編制本行政區(qū)域的年采伐限額，經征求國務院林業(yè)主管部門意見，報本級人民政府批準后公布實施，并報國務院備案。重點林區(qū)的年采伐限額，由國務院林業(yè)主管部門編制，報國務院批準后公布實施。
Article 55?Felling of forests and woods shall be in accordance with the following provisions:
第五十五條 采伐森林、林木應當遵守下列規(guī)定：
(1) Public welfare forests may be felled only for tending, regeneration, and improvement of low-quality and low-benefit forests. Exceptionally, public welfare forests may be felled for the purposes of scientific researches or experiments, prevention and control of forest pests, construction of forest fire prevention facilities, construction of biological firebreaks, and natural disasters, among others.
（一）公益林只能進行撫育、更新和低質低效林改造性質的采伐。但是，因科研或者實驗、防治林業(yè)有害生物、建設護林防火設施、營造生物防火隔離帶、遭受自然災害等需要采伐的除外。
(2) For commercial forests, different felling methods shall be adopted based on different circumstances, the area of clear-cutting shall be strictly controlled, and felling and tending shall be concurrently planned and implemented.
（二）商品林應當根據不同情況，采取不同采伐方式，嚴格控制皆伐面積，伐育同步規(guī)劃實施。
(3) The felling of woods in nature reserves shall be prohibited. An exception is made for woods that must be felled because of special circumstances such as prevention and control of forest pests, forest fire prevention, maintenance of the living environment of main protected objects, and under natural disasters, and for bamboo forests that are located in experimental zones.
（三）自然保護區(qū)的林木，禁止采伐。但是，因防治林業(yè)有害生物、森林防火、維護主要保護對象生存環(huán)境、遭受自然災害等特殊情況必須采伐的和實驗區(qū)的竹林除外。
The competent authorities of forestry of people’s governments at or above the provincial level shall formulate corresponding technical protocols on tree felling, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, in the light of principles such as management and administration by forest categories, prioritizing protection, and emphasis on efficiency and benefits, among others.
省級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門應當根據前款規(guī)定，按照森林分類經營管理、保護優(yōu)先、注重效率和效益等原則，制定相應的林木采伐技術規(guī)程。
Article 56?For the felling of the woods on forest lands, a felling license shall be applied for, and the felling shall be conducted in accordance with the specifications of the felling license; and for the felling of bamboo forests outside nature reserves, a felling license is not required, but the technical protocols on tree felling shall be met.
第五十六條 采伐林地上的林木應當申請采伐許可證，并按照采伐許可證的規(guī)定進行采伐；采伐自然保護區(qū)以外的竹林，不需要申請采伐許可證，但應當符合林木采伐技術規(guī)程。
Rural residents that are to fell the scattered trees on plots of cropland allotted for private use and at house sides, are not required to apply for a felling license.
農村居民采伐自留地和房前屋后個人所有的零星林木，不需要申請采伐許可證。
The regeneration felling of farmland protection forests, windbreak and sand fixation forests, road protection forests, riverbank and dike protection forests, and urban forests, among others, on non-forest lands shall be administrated by relevant competent authorities in accordance with relevant provisions.
非林地上的農田防護林、防風固沙林、護路林、護岸護堤林和城鎮(zhèn)林木等的更新采伐，由有關主管部門按照有關規(guī)定管理。
Digging and transplantation of woods shall be administrated as the felling of woods. Specific measures shall be formulated by the competent authority of forestry of the State Council.
采挖移植林木按照采伐林木管理。具體辦法由國務院林業(yè)主管部門制定。
Forging, altering, trading, and leasing felling licenses are prohibited.
禁止偽造、變造、買賣、租借采伐許可證。
Article 57?Felling licenses shall be issued by the competent authorities of forestry of people’s governments at or above the county level.
第五十七條 采伐許可證由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門核發(fā)。
The competent authorities of forestry of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall take measures to facilitate applicants in applying for felling licenses.
縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門應當采取措施，方便申請人辦理采伐許可證。
For rural residents to fell the woods on their plots of hilly lands allotted for private use and on contracted collective land, felling licenses shall be issued from the competent forestry authorities of the people’s governments at county level, or people’s governments at village and township level entrusted by them.
農村居民采伐自留山和個人承包集體林地上的林木，由縣級人民政府林業(yè)主管部門或者其委托的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人民政府核發(fā)采伐許可證。
Article 58?When applying for a felling license, documents concerning felling locations, forest types, tree species, area, stock volume, methods, regeneration measures, forest rights, and other contents shall be submitted. Where the area or volume exceeds those specified by the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s government at or above the provincial level, survey and design documents for the felling zone shall also be submitted.
第五十八條 申請采伐許可證，應當提交有關采伐的地點、林種、樹種、面積、蓄積、方式、更新措施和林木權屬等內容的材料。超過省級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門規(guī)定面積或者蓄積量的，還應當提交伐區(qū)調查設計材料。
Article 59?Where the technical protocols on tree felling are met, the competent authorities in charge of approval and issuance of felling licenses shall issue a felling license in a timely manner. However, the competent authorities in charge of approval and issuance of felling licenses shall not issue felling licenses exceeding the annual felling quota.
第五十九條 符合林木采伐技術規(guī)程的，審核發(fā)放采伐許可證的部門應當及時核發(fā)采伐許可證。但是，審核發(fā)放采伐許可證的部門不得超過年采伐限額發(fā)放采伐許可證。
Article 60?Under any of the following circumstances, no felling license may be issued:
第六十條 有下列情形之一的，不得核發(fā)采伐許可證：
(1) Felling woods during the periods of mountain closures or within the areas of mountain closures;
（一）采伐封山育林期、封山育林區(qū)內的林木；
(2) The tasks of forest regeneration have not been completed as required after the felling in the previous year;
（二）上年度采伐后未按照規(guī)定完成更新造林任務；
(3) No measures have been taken for prevention and improvement since a major deforestation case, forest fire, or forest pest disaster took place in the previous year; and
（三）上年度發(fā)生重大濫伐案件、森林火災或者林業(yè)有害生物災害，未采取預防和改進措施；
(4) Other circumstances prohibiting felling as specified by laws and regulations, and by the competent authority of forestry of the State Council.
（四）法律法規(guī)和國務院林業(yè)主管部門規(guī)定的禁止采伐的其他情形。
Article 61?Organizations and individuals that fell woods shall complete forest regeneration in accordance with relevant provisions. The area of forest regeneration shall not be less than the area of felling, and the forest regeneration shall meet the standards as set forth in the relevant technical protocols.
第六十一條 采伐林木的組織和個人應當按照有關規(guī)定完成更新造林。更新造林的面積不得少于采伐的面積，更新造林應當達到相關技術規(guī)程規(guī)定的標準。
Article 62?The State shall, through interest subsidies, subsidies for stockpiling forest rights as collateral, and other measures, encourage and guide financial institutions to conduct forest-related mortgage loans, fiduciary loans to forest farmers, and other credit business in line with the characteristics of forestry, and support forest rights stockpiling institutions in stockpiling forest rights as collateral in a market-oriented manner.
第六十二條 國家通過貼息、林權收儲擔保補助等措施，鼓勵和引導金融機構開展涉林抵押貸款、林農信用貸款等符合林業(yè)特點的信貸業(yè)務，扶持林權收儲機構進行市場化收儲擔保。
Article 63?The State shall support the development of forestry insurance. People’s governments at or above the county level shall provide premium subsidies for forestry insurance in accordance with law.
第六十三條 國家支持發(fā)展森林保險?？h級以上人民政府依法對森林保險提供保險費補貼。
Article 64?Forestry managers may voluntarily apply for forest certification to promote forest management level and sustainable management.
第六十四條 林業(yè)經營者可以自愿申請森林認證，促進森林經營水平提高和可持續(xù)經營。
Article 65?Any timber operating or processing enterprise shall keep a standing book for entry and exit of raw materials and products of woods. No organization or individual may purchase, process, and transport woods in full awareness of their illegal origins such as illegal felling or wanton deforestation.
第六十五條 木材經營加工企業(yè)應當建立原料和產品出入庫臺賬。任何單位和個人不得收購、加工、運輸明知是盜伐、濫伐等非法來源的林木。
Chapter VII Supervision and Inspection
第七章 監(jiān)督檢查
Article 66?The competent authorities of forestry of people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, conduct supervision and inspection over the protection, restoration, utilization, and regeneration of forest resources and, in accordance with this Law, investigate and punish illegal acts such as destruction of forest resources.
第六十六條 縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門依照本法規(guī)定，對森林資源的保護、修復、利用、更新等進行監(jiān)督檢查，依法查處破壞森林資源等違法行為。
Article 67?The competent authorities of forestry of people’s governments at or above the county level are authorized to take the following measures when performing the duties of supervision and ?inspection of the protection of forest resources:
第六十七條 縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門履行森林資源保護監(jiān)督檢查職責，有權采取下列措施：
(1) Entering production and management premises for on-site inspection;
（一）進入生產經營場所進行現場檢查；
(2) Inspecting and duplicating relevant documents and files, and sealing documents and files that may be transferred, destroyed, concealed, or tampered with;
（二）查閱、復制有關文件、資料，對可能被轉移、銷毀、隱匿或者篡改的文件、資料予以封存；
(3) Seizing and detaining woods from illegal sources proved with evidences, and tools, equipments, or property intended for activities that destroy forest resources; and
（三）查封、扣押有證據證明來源非法的林木以及從事破壞森林資源活動的工具、設備或者財物；
(4) Sealing up sites related to activities that destroy forest resources.
（四）查封與破壞森林資源活動有關的場所。
For regions of ineffective protection and development of forest resources, with prominent problems, and intensive public complaints, the competent forestry authorities of the people’s government at or above the provincial level may inquire the principals in charge of the people’s governments at or above the county level in the region and their relevant competent authorities and require them to corrective actions in a timely manner. The information on the inquiry and corrective actions shall be disclosed to the public.
省級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門對森林資源保護發(fā)展工作不力、問題突出、群眾反映強烈的地區(qū)，可以約談所在地區(qū)縣級以上地方人民政府及其有關部門主要負責人，要求其采取措施及時整改。約談整改情況應當向社會公開。
Article 68?Where the destruction of forest resources causes ecological and environmental damages, the competent authorities of natural resources and forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level may sue in a people’s court in accordance with law and claim damages from the tortfeasor.
第六十八條 破壞森林資源造成生態(tài)環(huán)境損害的，縣級以上人民政府自然資源主管部門、林業(yè)主管部門可以依法向人民法院提起訴訟，對侵權人提出損害賠償要求。
Article 69?The competent authorities of audit shall conduct audit supervision over state-owned forest resource assets in accordance with the relevant provisions stipulated by the State.
第六十九條 審計機關按照國家有關規(guī)定對國有森林資源資產進行審計監(jiān)督。
Chapter VIII Legal Liability
第八章 法律責任
Article 70?Where the competent authorities of forestry or any other relevant institutions of the people’s government at or above the county level fail to perform their duties in accordance with the provisions of this Law, administrative sanction shall be imposed on the executive staffs in direct charge and other directly liable persons in accordance with law.
第七十條 縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門或者其他有關國家機關未依照本法規(guī)定履行職責的，對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依法給予處分。
In case of the failure to make a decision on administrative penalty in accordance with the provisions of this Law, the competent authorities at the higher level shall be authorized to order the competent authorities at the lower level to make the decision on the administrative penalty or directly impose the administrative penalty.
依照本法規(guī)定應當作出行政處罰決定而未作出的，上級主管部門有權責令下級主管部門作出行政處罰決定或者直接給予行政處罰。
Article 71?Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, infringes upon the lawful rights and interests of an owner or user of forests, woods, or forest lands, shall be subject to tort liability in accordance with law.
第七十一條 違反本法規(guī)定，侵害森林、林木、林地的所有者或者使用者的合法權益的，依法承擔侵權責任。
Article 72?Any state-owned forestry enterprise or public institution who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, fails to perform its obligations to protect and cultivate forest resources, to prepare a forest management plan, or to conduct forest management activities in accordance with an approved forest management plan, shall be ordered by the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level to take corrective actions within a prescribed period, and administrative sanction imposed on the executive staffs in direct charge and other directly liable persons in accordance with law.
第七十二條 違反本法規(guī)定，國有林業(yè)企業(yè)事業(yè)單位未履行保護培育森林資源義務、未編制森林經營方案或者未按照批準的森林經營方案開展森林經營活動的，由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門責令限期改正，對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員依法給予處分。
Article 73?Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, changes the use of forest lands without the approval of the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level, shall be ordered by the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level to restore vegetation and forestry production conditions within a prescribed period, and may be imposed a fine of not more than three times the cost of the restoration.
第七十三條 違反本法規(guī)定，未經縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門審核同意，擅自改變林地用途的，由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門責令限期恢復植被和林業(yè)生產條件，可以處恢復植被和林業(yè)生產條件所需費用三倍以下的罰款。
Anyone who occupies forest lands without completing the approval procedures for construction land, even with approval of the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level, shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China.
雖經縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門審核同意，但未辦理建設用地審批手續(xù)擅自占用林地的，依照《中華人民共和國土地管理法》的有關規(guī)定處罰。
Anyone who constructs permanent buildings on forest lands in temporary use, or fails to restore vegetation or forestry production conditions within one year after the expiration of the temporary use of the forest lands, shall be punished in accordance with paragraph 1 of this article.
在臨時使用的林地上修建永久性建筑物，或者臨時使用林地期滿后一年內未恢復植被或者林業(yè)生產條件的，依照本條第一款規(guī)定處罰。
Article 74?Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, causes damages to woods in the ways of conducting reclamation, quarrying, sand quarrying, soil excavation, or other activities, shall be ordered by the competent authority of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level to cease the illegal activities, replanted woods with one to three times of the damaged woods in the original or another places within a prescribed period, and may be imposed a fine of not more than five times the value of the woods damaged; and where damages are caused to forest lands, shall be ordered by the competent authority of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level to cease the illegal activities and to restore vegetation and forestry production conditions within a prescribed period, and may be imposed a fine of not more than three times the cost of the restoration.
第七十四條 違反本法規(guī)定，進行開墾、采石、采砂、采土或者其他活動，造成林木毀壞的，由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門責令停止違法行為，限期在原地或者異地補種毀壞株數一倍以上三倍以下的樹木，可以處毀壞林木價值五倍以下的罰款；造成林地毀壞的，由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門責令停止違法行為，限期恢復植被和林業(yè)生產條件，可以處恢復植被和林業(yè)生產條件所需費用三倍以下的罰款。
Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, causes damages to woods by harvesting firewood, destroying seedlings, or grazing in young forest lands, shall be ordered by the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level to cease the illegal activities and to replant woods of one to three times of the damaged woods in the original or another place within a prescribed period.
違反本法規(guī)定，在幼林地砍柴、毀苗、放牧造成林木毀壞的，由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門責令停止違法行為，限期在原地或者異地補種毀壞株數一倍以上三倍以下的樹木。
Anyone who discharges sewage and sludge containing heavy metals or other toxic and hazardous substances in excess of standards and dredged sediment, tailings, slag, and the like that may cause pollution to forest lands, shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Soil Pollution Prevention and Control.
向林地排放重金屬或者其他有毒有害物質含量超標的污水、污泥，以及可能造成林地污染的清淤底泥、尾礦、礦渣等的，依照《中華人民共和國土壤污染防治法》的有關規(guī)定處罰。
Article 75?For the relocation or destruction, in violation of the provisions of this Law, of forest protection signs without authorization, the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level shall restore the forest protection signs at the expense of the violator.
第七十五條 違反本法規(guī)定，擅自移動或者毀壞森林保護標志的，由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門恢復森林保護標志，所需費用由違法者承擔。
Article 76?Anyone who fells woods illegally, shall be ordered by the competent authority of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level to replant woods with one to five times of illegally felled woods in the original or another place within the prescribed period, and be imposed a fine with five to ten times of the value of the woods illegally felled in addition.
第七十六條 盜伐林木的，由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門責令限期在原地或者異地補種盜伐株數一倍以上五倍以下的樹木，并處盜伐林木價值五倍以上十倍以下的罰款。
Anyone who fells woods exceeding permitted amount, shall be ordered by the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level to replant woods with one to three times of the number of excessively felled woods in the original or another place within the prescribed period, and may be imposed a fine with three to five times of the value of the woods felled excessively.
濫伐林木的，由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門責令限期在原地或者異地補種濫伐株數一倍以上三倍以下的樹木，可以處濫伐林木價值三倍以上五倍以下的罰款。
Article 77?Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, forges, alters, trades, and leases felling licenses, shall be confiscated the license and illegal income by the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level, and shall be imposed a fine with one to three times of the illegal income in addition; when no illegal income generated, may be imposed a fine of not more than 20,000 yuan.
第七十七條 違反本法規(guī)定，偽造、變造、買賣、租借采伐許可證的，由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門沒收證件和違法所得，并處違法所得一倍以上三倍以下的罰款；沒有違法所得的，可以處二萬元以下的罰款。
Article 78?Anyone who , in violation of the provisions of this Law, purchases, processes, and transports woods in full awareness of their illegal origins such as illegal felling or wanton deforestation, shall be ordered by the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level to cease the illegal activities and confiscated of the woods illegally purchased, processed, and transported or the income from sale, and may be imposed a fine with no more than three times of the price of the woods illegally purchased, processed, and transported.
第七十八條 違反本法規(guī)定，收購、加工、運輸明知是盜伐、濫伐等非法來源的林木的，由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門責令停止違法行為，沒收違法收購、加工、運輸的林木或者變賣所得，可以處違法收購、加工、運輸林木價款三倍以下的罰款。
Article 79?Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, fails to complete forest regeneration tasks, shall be ordered by the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level to complete the task within a prescribed period; in the case of failure to complete within the prescribed period, shall be imposed a fine of no more than two times of the expense necessary for the remaining task; and administrative sanctions shall be imposed on the principals in direct charge and other directly liable persons in accordance with law.
第七十九條 違反本法規(guī)定，未完成更新造林任務的，由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門責令限期完成；逾期未完成的，可以處未完成造林任務所需費用二倍以下的罰款；對直接負責的主管人員和其他直接責任人員，依法給予處分。
Article 80?Anyone who, in violation of the provisions of this Law, refuses or obstructs supervision and inspection by the competent authorities of forestry of any people’s government at or above the county level in accordance with law, may be imposed a fine of not more than 50,000 yuan, and in serious cases, may be ordered to suspend production and business for rectification.
第八十條 違反本法規(guī)定，拒絕、阻礙縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門依法實施監(jiān)督檢查的，可以處五萬元以下的罰款，情節(jié)嚴重的，可以責令停產停業(yè)整頓。
Article 81?In the case of any of the following circumstances in violation of the provisions of this Law, the competent authority of forestry of the people’s government at or above the county level shall organize performance of obligations on behalf of the violator in accordance with law at the expense of the violator:
第八十一條 違反本法規(guī)定，有下列情形之一的，由縣級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門依法組織代為履行，代為履行所需費用由違法者承擔:
(1) Refusing to restore vegetation and forestry production conditions, or the restoration of vegetation and forestry production conditions does not conform with the relevant provisions of the State; or
（一）拒不恢復植被和林業(yè)生產條件，或者恢復植被和林業(yè)生產條件不符合國家有關規(guī)定；
(2) Refusing to replant trees, or the replanting does not conform with the relevant provisions of the State.
（二）拒不補種樹木，或者補種不符合國家有關規(guī)定。
The standards for restoring vegetation and forestry production conditions and replanting woods shall be formulated by the competent authorities of forestry of the people’s governments at or above the provincial level.
恢復植被和林業(yè)生產條件、樹木補種的標準，由省級以上人民政府林業(yè)主管部門制定。
Article 82?The competent authorities of public security may, according to the relevant regulations of the State, exercise the power of administrative penalty prescribed in paragraph 1 of Article 74 and Articles 76, 77, and 78 of this Law.
第八十二條 公安機關按照國家有關規(guī)定，可以依法行使本法第七十四條第一款、第七十六條、第七十七條、第七十八條規(guī)定的行政處罰權。
Anyone whose violation of the provisions of this Law constitutes a violation of public security administration shall be imposed administrative penalty in accordance with law; and where a crime is constituted, the violator shall be held criminally liable in accordance with law.
違反本法規(guī)定，構成違反治安管理行為的，依法給予治安管理處罰；構成犯罪的，依法追究刑事責任。
Chapter IX Supplementary Provisions
第九章 附 則
Article 83?For the purposes of this Law, the following terms have the following meanings:
第八十三條 本法下列用語的含義是：
(1) "Forests" include arbor forests, bamboo forests, and shrub forests specified by the State. Forests may be classified according to their functions as protection forests, special-purpose forests, timber forests, economic forests, and energy forests.
（一）森林，包括喬木林、竹林和國家特別規(guī)定的灌木林。按照用途可以分為防護林、特種用途林、用材林、經濟林和能源林。
(2) "Woods" include trees and bamboo.
（二）林木，包括樹木和竹子。
(3) "Forest lands" refer to the lands for the development of forestry as designated by the plans of the people’s government at or above the county level, including arbor forest lands with a canopy density of not less than 0.2 as well as bamboo forest lands, shrub forest lands, sparse forest lands, harvested lands, burned areas, non-mature forestation lands, and nursery lands.
（三）林地，是指縣級以上人民政府規(guī)劃確定的用于發(fā)展林業(yè)的土地。包括郁閉度0.2以上的喬木林地以及竹林地、灌木林地、疏林地、采伐跡地、火燒跡地、未成林造林地、苗圃地等。
Article 84?This Law shall enter into force on July 1, 2020.
第八十四條 本法自2020年7月1日起施行。